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BPC-157 is a pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) derived from human gastric juice.

CJC-1295 is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that stimulates the pituitary to produce and release growth hormone.

Ipamorelin is a selective growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates the pituitary gland to release growth hormone (GH).

Sermorelin is the shortest fully functional fragment of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), consisting of the first 29 amino acids.

MK-677 (Ibutamoren) is a non-peptide, orally active ghrelin mimetic and growth hormone secretagogue.

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human plasma, saliva, and urine.

Teriparatide is a recombinant form of the first 34 amino acids of human parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) and the first anabolic osteoporosis treatment approved by the FDA.

GHRP-2 (Pralmorelin) is a synthetic hexapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist and potent growth hormone secretagogue.

Glutathione (GSH) is the body's most abundant endogenous antioxidant tripeptide, composed of glycine, cysteine, and glutamate.

Epithalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) based on the natural peptide epithalamin, which is produced by the pineal gland.

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino-acid peptide originally isolated from thymic tissue and now produced synthetically.

Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide (beta-alanine + L-histidine) found in high concentrations in skeletal muscle and brain tissue — long-lived, high-energy-demand tissues.

Abaloparatide is a 34-amino acid synthetic analog of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) approved by the FDA under the brand name Tymlos for treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men at high fracture risk.

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the 12S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA.

Thymalin is a thymic peptide bioregulator developed by Vladimir Khavinson (the same researcher behind Epithalon) from bovine thymus extracts.

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that specifically concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Collagen peptides are short-chain amino acid sequences derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of native collagen (types I, II, and III).

Mod GRF 1-29 (Modified Growth Hormone Releasing Factor 1-29) is a stabilized synthetic analog of endogenous GHRH with four amino acid substitutions that resist enzymatic degradation.

Thymosin Beta-4 is a 43-amino acid endogenous protein ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues, encoded by the TMSB4X gene.

FOXO4-DRI is a synthetic D-amino acid retro-inverso peptide designed to selectively eliminate senescent cells — aged, dysfunctional cells that accumulate with age and drive chronic inflammation.

Humanin is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of the mitochondrial genome.

Follistatin-344 is the 344-amino acid isoform of follistatin, a naturally occurring glycoprotein that potently inhibits myostatin and activin A — two TGF-β superfamily members that limit muscle growth.

Pinealon is a short synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson at the St.

Cortagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson as a brain cortex bioregulator.

Vilon is a synthetic dipeptide (Lys-Glu, KE) bioregulator developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson at the St.

Ovagen is a synthetic tripeptide bioregulator (Glu-Asp-Leu, EDL) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson targeting the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

Testagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly, KEDG) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, targeting testicular tissue and the male reproductive axis.

Retinalamin is a polypeptide preparation isolated from bovine retinal tissue, developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson and registered as a pharmaceutical drug in Russia for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.

Thymus Extract (Thymostimulin) is a partially purified preparation of thymic polypeptides derived from calf thymus tissue, first developed in Italy in 1976.

GHK (Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is a naturally occurring human tripeptide found in plasma, saliva, and urine.

GHRH is the endogenous 44-amino acid hypothalamic peptide that drives pulsatile growth hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary.