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Dihexa is an oligopeptide derived from angiotensin IV that was developed at Washington State University by Joseph Harding and colleagues.

Selank is a synthetic peptide developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) derived from the 4–10 fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), extended with a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro sequence to improve metabolic stability.

Cerebrolysin is a mixture of low-molecular-weight neuropeptides and free amino acids derived from porcine brain tissue through controlled enzymatic proteolysis.

Cortexin is a polypeptide preparation extracted from the cerebral cortex of cattle, developed in part by the Khavinson research group and registered as a pharmaceutical drug in Russia since 1999.

Humanin is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of the mitochondrial genome.

N-Acetyl Semax Amidate is a modified analog of Semax, itself derived from the ACTH(4-7) fragment.

Oxytocin is a 9-amino acid endogenous neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland.

PACAP (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide) is a highly conserved neuropeptide belonging to the VIP/secretin/glucagon superfamily.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid endogenous neuropeptide found throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and gut.

Adamax is a synthetic neuropeptide combining the N-acetyl Semax backbone with an adamantyl modification derived from P21, another BDNF-potentiating nootropic.

N-Acetyl Semax is an acetylated derivative of Semax, a synthetic heptapeptide analogue of the ACTH(4-10) fragment developed in Russia.

Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is a neurotrophic growth factor and member of the neurotrophin family, which includes NGF, BDNF, and NT-4.

Noopept (INN: Omberacetam) is a synthetic dipeptide derivative developed in Russia by the Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology.

Pinealon is a short synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson at the St.

Semax 4-7 is the core tetrapeptide sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe, corresponding to ACTH amino acids 4–7.

Cortagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson as a brain cortex bioregulator.

Galanin is a 29-amino acid neuropeptide (30 AA in humans) widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system and GI tract.