The weight loss.

AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone (amino acids 177-191) that was developed to isolate the fat-loss effects of GH without the growth-promoting or diabetogenic effects.

Amylin (IAPP) is a 37-amino acid peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta cells in approximately a 100:1 ratio (insulin:amylin).

Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid acylated peptide hormone primarily secreted by oxyntic cells in the gastric fundus.

GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) is a 42-amino acid incretin hormone secreted by enteroendocrine K-cells in the duodenum and jejunum in response to dietary fat and carbohydrates.

Liraglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist developed by Novo Nordisk that represents the founding pharmacological proof of concept for the GLP-1 drug class in obesity medicine.

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the 12S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid neuropeptide and one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the mammalian central nervous system.

Peptide YY (PYY) is a 36-amino acid endogenous gut hormone released from L-cells of the distal intestine in proportion to caloric intake.

Semaglutide is a long-acting synthetic analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone naturally secreted by intestinal L-cells in response to food intake.

Tesamorelin is a synthetic GHRH analog that is FDA-approved (as Egrifta) for the treatment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy (excess abdominal fat).

Tirzepatide is a synthetic once-weekly injectable peptide developed by Eli Lilly that simultaneously activates two incretin hormone receptors — the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor.

Cagrilintide is a long-acting synthetic amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk, designed for once-weekly subcutaneous dosing.

Dulaglutide is a once-weekly injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly and FDA-approved in 2014.

Exenatide is a synthetic version of exendin-4, a naturally occurring peptide found in the venom of the Gila monster lizard.

Lixisenatide is a once-daily short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from exendin-4, modified at the C-terminus with deletion of one proline and addition of six lysine residues.

Mazdutide (IBI362, LY3305677) is a once-weekly dual GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor agonist developed by Innovent Biologics in partnership with Eli Lilly, modeled on mammalian oxyntomodulin.

Nesfatin-1 is an 82-amino acid satiety peptide derived from the N-terminal region of the 396-amino acid precursor protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2).

Obestatin is a 23-amino acid peptide encoded by the same preproghrelin gene that produces ghrelin, discovered in 2005.

Pramlintide (brand: Symlin) is a synthetic analog of human amylin, a hormone co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic beta cells.

Retatrutide (LY3437943) is Eli Lilly's investigational triple hormone receptor agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously.