Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 (Pal-GHK) is a lipopeptide consisting of the tripeptide sequence Gly-His-Lys conjugated to a palmitic acid chain. It is a structural analog of GHK (the copper-binding tripeptide) but without copper coordination, functioning instead as a matrikine signal peptide. It stimulates fibroblast synthesis of collagen I and III, glycosaminoglycans, and elastin, and is widely used in professional anti-aging skincare formulations, often combined with Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 in the Matrixyl 3000 ingredient system.

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 functions as a matrikine — a peptide fragment derived from ECM protein degradation that signals fibroblasts to upregulate matrix synthesis. The GHK sequence binds fibroblast surface receptors and activates intracellular TGF-β pathway components and downstream collagen gene transcription (COL1A1, COL3A1). The palmitoyl fatty acid chain increases the molecule's lipophilicity, enabling penetration through the stratum corneum into the viable epidermis and dermis. In vitro studies confirm stimulation of collagen I, III, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis at sub-micromolar concentrations. It has also been shown to modulate MMP expression, reducing collagen degradation in UV-aged skin models.

Clinical studies demonstrate measurable improvements in periorbital wrinkle depth and length with twice-daily application of creams containing Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 at concentrations of approximately 3 ppm. A 4-week eye zone study found 39% reduction in wrinkle length, 23% reduction in wrinkle depth, and 17% reduction in overall skin roughness versus vehicle. The CIR Expert Panel has assessed Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 as safe for cosmetic use. It is a primary component of the Matrixyl 3000 system alongside Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7.

Peptides commonly paired with Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 for synergistic effects.